Independent northsouth child migration as a parental investment in northern ghana. If the slave trade affected all parts of presentday ghana, northern ghana was attacked from two sides by slave traders from the coast transatlantic as well as from the hinterland transsahara for. In relation to economically motivated migration, forced migration from ghana is insignificant and has been declining over the past decade. Jan 22, 2016 africa is often seen as a continent of mass migration and displacement caused by poverty, violent conflict and environmental stress. Yet such perceptions are based on stereotypes rather than theoretically informed empirical research. He is a specialist in workers education and capacity building. Nigerian migration to ghana dates back to the caravan period. Perhaps best known for its brain drain and the related success of its diaspora, ghana also has an important role in west african migration patterns, past and present. According to 2008 estimates, ghanaian migrants can be found in more than 33 countries around the world. Historical context of northsouth migration in ghana the pattern of internal migration in the ghana has particularly been influenced by the stark differences in the levels of development between north and south, as well as their respective capacities to respond to. Southsouth migration is estimated to account for half of all outward migration from south asia, 64 per cent of migration from europe and central asia, and 69 per cent of migration from subsaharan africa.
Various reasons that establish relationship between north south migration and development in the northern region or the northern sector and the southern sector of ghana, points to the development policy and plan during the colonial era. Migration, social demands and environmental change amongst. This article explores the role access to capital plays in the labor relocat. However, not much attention ha s been paid to how climate change induce d. It explores the perspectives of resident nandom youth migrants in accra with emphasis on three key issues, namely perception, predisposing factors and impacts of their southern migration project on the nandom community. This paper examines the dynamics of north south migration of the youth and resulting remittances in ghana using accra and kumasi as study areas. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of north south migration in ghana.
Migration from and to ghana 3 this paper may be reproduced free of charge in any format provided the source is acknowledged. Europeans on the west coast from the 1400s onwards disrupted the then existing northsouth movement of people and goods. The integration of immigrants in ghana is an interesting aspect of southsouth. Ecowas protocol on free movement, au and nepad migration framework, institutions ministries of interior, foreign affairs and labour, gis, ghana refugee board, national migration bureau, police and judiciary. This paper examines the dynamics of northsouth migration of the youth and resulting remittances in ghana using accra and kumasi as study areas. Statement from iom ghana chief of mission migration is a key dimension of both globalization and development and international migration has become one of the foremost development topics of the 21st century. Lattof et al contemporary female migration in ghana. Local perceptions of migration from northwest ghana. Notes on migration and development in the global south. Almost one in every five people born in northern ghana is living in southern ghana. Shaw, southsouth migration and remittances, world bank working paper no. He also has expertise and interest in labour migration. Northsouth migration to developing countries frank laczko head, migration research division, international organization for migration european migration network conference, dublin, june 14. Oct 17, 2007 migrants networks and relatively small travel distances help explain migration from one developing country to another.
The issue of north south youth migration is particularly important to ghana because of the long tradition of population mobility and high rates of ruralurban migration and in recent times child migration that has characterised migration patterns in the country hashim, 2005. The nexus of female capital and northsouth labor migration. Health insurance and careseeking behaviours of female. The 2003 migration law gives migrants free legal representation, the right to a fair trial prior to expulsion and the right to family reunification jachimowicz. Bridging the north south divide in ghana draft summary the intractability of regional inequality in ghana regional inequality is significant. Pdf this paper revisits the old northsouth migration discourse in. Migration is very common in ghana, with at least one migrant in more than 43 percent of all households in 200506. Increasing population growth in northern ghana is an indication of reduced northsouth migration and. Interviews with 203 migrant farmers suggest that migration from the north to the south is, to a large extent, environmentally induced. It is against this background that ghanas migration profile has been prepared to highlight the movements within, from and into the country.
The extent of migration between developing countries, called southsouth migration, and the issues surrounding it remain poorly understood. Almost one in every five people born in northern ghana is living in. Contemporary female migration in ghana demographic research. The phenomenon of female headload portaging in the large commercial cities of southern ghana has become a social canker. Part 1 of this series examined data on southsouth migration and southsouth remittances in part 2, the focus is on why migrants from one developing country go to another developing country, and what kinds of socioeconomic effects such movements. Ghanaian migration has increasingly become extraregional.
Other studies on northsouth migration have focused on the migration of young females from the northern sector to the southern parts of ghana to engaged in various economic activities such as. Drawing on the migration and visa databases from the determinants of international migration demig project and the global bilateral migration database gbmd. The comprehensive policy will guide the management of the countrys internal, intraregional and international migration flows. Achakoma is an economist and holds a phd in migration studies from the university of ghana. Pdf projects to promote poverty reduction globally.
Coping strategies of independent child migrants from. Drivers of northsouth migration in the wa west district. International migration within west africa, and between the region and the rest of the. In short, migration is a call for both a policy and programme response at all levels of governance. Drawing on macro, meso, and micro level migration theories, this. Exploring the migration intentions of ghanaian youth. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of northsouth migration in ghana.
The movement of youth from rural northern ghana to the south has been a recurrent research focus. Internal migration and rural service provision in northern. Ghana formally launched a national policy on migration and an implementation plan in accra on 5 april 2016 with support from iom. Regional inequality and secondary education in ghana policy brief no 1. This is the case between the 1910 and 1960 censuses and in the last intercensal period 19842000. Absence of migration policy but legislations constitution, immigration and citizenship laws. Introduction in the words of mansell prothero, migration movements have been a feature of africa in the past and are one of its most important demographical features at the present day anarfi 1982. Approximately 200 million people reside outside their home country.
Remittances, northern ghana, northsouth migration, accra, kumasi, susu. Bridging the north south divide in ghana world bank. Traditionally, north south migration in ghana was largely maledominated, long term and longdistance. The history of migration in ghana there is a long history of migration both internal and international in ghana peil, 1974.
A dissertation presented by lynda joyce pickbourn submitted to the graduate school of the university of massachusetts amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy september 2011 department of economics. Later in the 1960s, they dominated the ghanaian market place as traders of. Research paper on migration conducted by leila ezzarqui, senior research officer, alliance of civilizations secretariat, united nations, new york based on a background research report prepared by yasemin soysal, university of essex this paper was prepared by the alliance of civilizations secretariat for consideration by the highlevel group. History of ghanas international migration and remittance. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of north south migration in ghana see figure 3. Prepared for the world development report 2009 kate higgins summary. Ghana launches national migration policy international. The general objective of this study is to explore the gendered strategies of migrants from northern to southern ghana through social networks for the.
More recently, however, a new dominant northsouth migration. Research4life free or lowcost access in developing countries. In their study of independent child migrants from northern ghana to accra and kumasi, anarfi and kwankye 2005 investigated three aspects of the northsouth independent migration of children namely. Ghanas internal migration is primarily a northsouth. Local perceptions of migration from northwest ghana africa. Conditions in ghana at the institute for development studies of the university of cape coast. Studies of migration in ghana exploring its patterns, determinants, and impacts on welfare and povertydate back to the 1960s. A survey on migration policies in west africa second edition prepared by the international centre for migration policy development, vienna austria and the international organization for migration regional office for west and central africa, dakar senegal. Quite how many people are going to leave the savannahs of northern ghana has the attention of policymakers in accra, the countrys capital. Through the use of this migration data, the guides objective will support policy making and planning in ghana. Migration in ghana migration in ghana iom publications.
Challenges and concerns about migration and trafficking in. Although the majority of ghanaian emigrants 71% still stay within west africa, a. Awareness of the decisionmaking processes that lie behind the northsouth independent migration of children would constitute an important basis for the formulation of informed and. The acp observatory on migration has compiled in this thematic report thirteen background notes looking at innovative aspects of southsouth migration. The north south divide in ghana has gradually developed over time, and has become more marked and significant, even after independence. The issue of northsouth youth migration is particularly important to ghana because of the long tradition of population mobility and high rates of ruralurban migration and in recent times child migration that has characterised migration patterns in the country hashim, 2005. Though ghana net migration rate fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 1970 2015 period ending at 0. May 16, 2015 migration is a multidimensional phenomenon with both positive and negative effects. Aside the conscription of people, mostly men, into the royal west african frontier force rwaff of colonial britain, the then northern.
Causes of southsouth migration and its socioeconomic effects. A country profile 2009 9 foreword over the past three years, iom has prepared migration profiles for 32 countries in different parts of the world, including eastern europe, the black sea region, south america, and africa. Pdf climate change, migration and development in ghana. Ghana states parties to united nations legal instruments year ratified. Historical perspectives on northsouth child migration in ghana the pattern of internal migration in the country has particularly been influenced by the stark differences in the levels of poverty between north and south, as well as their respective capacities to respond to new economic opportunities. This paper revisits the old north south migration discourse in ghana by focusing on nandom youth migrants in accra.
The general objective of this study is to explore the gendered strategies of migrants from northern to southern ghana through social networks for the purpose of gaining access to the informal economy. Dilip ratha and william shaw of the world bank look at these and other reasons for and effects of south south migration. Internally, northsouth migration has long marked ghanas migration dynamics 14. The high level of migration of people from northern to southern ghana is rooted in historical antecedents. Independent northsouth child migration as a parental. Regional inequality and secondary education in ghana. Historical perspectives on north south child migration in ghana the pattern of internal migration in the country has particularly been influenced by the stark differences in the levels of poverty between north and south, as well as their respective capacities to respond to new economic opportunities. Coping strategies of independent child migrants from northern.
This brief explores the education dimensions of spatial inequality in ghana and examines the model secondary schools policy, which was recently adopted by the government of ghana gog in an attempt to. Paper presented at the international conference on environment, forced migration and social vulnerability, bonn, 911 october. Development research centre on migration, globalisation and poverty, university of sussex working paper t29. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of northsouth migration in ghana. Two in five current residents in the greater accra region migrated from one of ghanas other nine regions, and interregional migration is expected to continue as ghanas economy grows ghana statistical service, june 20. Perhaps the situation of migration in ghana manifests all the types of human movements that i have outlined above. Although the majority of ghanaian emigrants still stay within west africa, a growing proportion is migrating to a diverse range of countries outside the region. My gratitude further goes to my parents, mr alfred kwame gyimah mensah and mad. In ghana, three regions upper west, upper east and northern have the highest proportion of voluntary. Ghanas capital, accra, is one of the fastest growing cities in west africa african development bank group, 2014. Internal migration and rural service provision in northern ghana. The last time the numbers were officially counted was in ghanas 2000 census, which showed a total of 700,000 northsouth migrants. Impact of migration on economic and social development.
Theoretical overview of labour migration in ghana ghanaian migration has increasingly become extraregional, since the decline of nigeria as a major destination for ghanaian migrants in the 1980s. Labour migration in ghana friedrich ebert foundation. Return migrants in the northsouth independent child migration in ghana. For the first time in the history of ghana, the government of ghana has formulated a comprehensive national migration policy nmp to help manage its internal, intraregional and international migration flows for poverty reduction and sustained national development. Micah bump of georgetowns institute for the study of international migration takes a detailed look at a country in transition. He also has expertise and interest in labour migration issues, active labour. Net flows of less than 40,000 people are excluded from the figure.
The map shows that the migration stream from northern ghana to the. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. Northsouth relations in theoretical perspective it was not until the second world war had destroyed the old world order that the issue. March 1, 2011 document of the world bank report no. However, the extent to which migration positively or adversely affects the life opportunities of people, especially the youth abroad, is partly influenced by the aspirations and expectations of the migrants prior to embarking on their journeys. However, the contact with europeans created new patterns of.
North south migration to developing countries frank laczko head, migration research division, international organization for migration european migration network conference, dublin, june 14. The preparation of this guide on the use of migration data in ghana, initiated under the rabat process, is a very laudable idea that goes to enhance migration and development in the country. The integration of immigrants in ghana is an interesting aspect of southsouth migration, as immigration to ghana from neighbouring west african countries is significant and increasing. Jan 07, 2015 in short, migration is a call for both a policy and programme response at all levels of governance. Northsouth migration, has been an important direction of flow in ghana and indeed the entire. Effect of migration on development of northern ghana. Awareness of the decisionmaking processes that lie behind the north south independent migration of children would constitute an important basis for the formulation of informed and. Causes of southsouth migration and its socioeconomic. Pdf southsouth migration in west africa jason gagnon.
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